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Jaundice: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

What is Jaundice?

Jaundice is a condition where the skin and eyes turn yellow. This happens when there is too much bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment made when red blood cells break down. Usually, the liver removes bilirubin from the body. However, if the liver cannot do this well, jaundice can develop. Jaundice can affect people of all ages, from newborns to adults. In many cases, it signals a problem with liver health or blood cells. Because jaundice can be a sign of other health issues, it is important to know its symptoms and causes.

Common Symptoms of Jaundice

Often, the first sign of jaundice is yellowing of the skin or eyes. But there are other signs of jaundice to watch for. Early detection helps with better treatment. Here are common symptoms:

  • Yellow skin and eyes
  • Dark urine
  • Pale or light-colored stools
  • Itchy skin
  • Tiredness or weakness
  • Abdominal pain or swelling
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Loss of appetite

    • Sometimes, symptoms can be mild. However, if you notice any of these, it is wise to seek medical advice.

    Causes of Jaundice

    There are several causes of jaundice. Most often, it is linked to problems with the liver, blood, or bile ducts. Here are some common causes:

  • Liver diseases: Hepatitis, cirrhosis, or fatty liver can lead to jaundice.
  • Blood disorders: Conditions that break down red blood cells quickly, like sickle cell anemia, can cause jaundice.
  • Bile duct blockage: Gallstones or tumors can block the flow of bile, leading to jaundice.
  • Infections: Viral or bacterial infections may harm the liver and cause jaundice.
  • Genetic conditions: Some people inherit problems that affect bilirubin processing.
  • Alcohol use: Heavy drinking can damage the liver and cause jaundice.

    • Because the causes vary, understanding the reason behind jaundice is important for proper care.

    How Jaundice is Diagnosed

    Doctors use several steps for jaundice diagnosis. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they perform a physical exam. After that, they may order tests to find the cause. Common tests include:

  • Blood tests to check liver function and bilirubin levels
  • Urine tests to look for bilirubin
  • Imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scan to view the liver and bile ducts
  • Sometimes, a liver biopsy to check for disease

    • Early diagnosis helps doctors choose the best jaundice treatment options for you.

    Treatment Options for Jaundice

    Treatment for jaundice depends on its cause. In many cases, treating the underlying problem will help jaundice go away. Here are some common jaundice treatment options:

  • Medications: Doctors may give medicines to treat infections or reduce inflammation.
  • Stopping certain drugs: If a medicine is causing jaundice, stopping it may help.
  • Procedures: Removing gallstones or treating blockages in the bile ducts can relieve jaundice.
  • Lifestyle changes: Eating a healthy diet and avoiding alcohol can support liver health.
  • Hospital care: In severe cases, patients may need fluids, nutrition, or even a liver transplant.

    • Because each case is different, your doctor will choose the best treatment for you.

    Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

    Although not all cases can be prevented, you can lower your risk of jaundice with healthy habits. Here are some tips for preventing jaundice and keeping your liver healthy:

  • Wash your hands often to avoid infections
  • Get vaccinated for hepatitis A and B
  • Avoid sharing needles or personal items
  • Limit alcohol use
  • Eat a balanced diet with fruits and vegetables
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Use medicines only as directed by your doctor
  • Avoid exposure to toxic chemicals

    • By following these steps, you can support your liver and reduce your risk of jaundice.

    When to See a Doctor

    Sometimes, jaundice can be a sign of a serious health problem. If you notice yellow skin or eyes, dark urine, or other signs of jaundice, see a doctor right away. Also, seek help if you have severe abdominal pain, confusion, or bleeding. Early care can prevent complications and improve your health.

    If you notice symptoms of jaundice, consult a healthcare specialist for personalized advice.